Byzantine names FAQs
What is the origin of the name 'Byzantine'?
The name 'Byzantine' originates from Byzantium, the ancient Greek city on which Constantinople was founded. Byzantium was established by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BCE and later became the capital of the Roman Empire under Emperor Constantine, who renamed it Constantinople. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire by historians.
Why is the Eastern Roman Empire called the Byzantine Empire?
The Eastern Roman Empire is called the Byzantine Empire as a historical term applied by later historians. The term was not used by the empire itself but was popularized after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It refers to the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
When did the term 'Byzantine' come into common usage?
The term 'Byzantine' came into common usage during the 16th century. It was coined by the German historian Hieronymus Wolf in 1557, who introduced the term in his work "Corpus Historiæ Byzantinæ". Before this, the empire's citizens referred to themselves as Romans.
What does the term 'Byzantine' imply about the empire it describes?
The term 'Byzantine' implies a direct connection to the ancient city of Byzantium and its Greek origins. It is used to distinguish the Eastern Roman Empire's culture, which was characterized by Orthodox Christianity, Greek language and heritage, and a blend of Roman governance with Eastern influences. The term also often connotes complexity and intricate bureaucracy in modern usage.
Is 'Byzantine' a contemporary term used during the empire's time?
No, 'Byzantine' is not a contemporary term used during the empire's time. The inhabitants of the Byzantine Empire considered themselves Roman and referred to their domain as the Roman Empire or Romania. The term 'Byzantine' was introduced centuries after the fall of Constantinople.
What language did the term 'Byzantine' derive from?
The term 'Byzantine' derived from the Latin word 'Byzantinus', which in turn comes from the Greek word 'Byzantion', the name of the ancient city. Latin was the official language of the Roman Empire, which the Byzantine Empire continued, although Greek became the predominant language later on. The term reflects the empire's Greco-Roman heritage.
How did Byzantium get its name?
Byzantium is said to have been named after Byzas, the leader of the Greeks from the city-state of Megara who founded the city. According to legend, Byzas was advised by the oracle of Delphi to settle opposite the "land of the blind". This referred to the inhabitants of Chalcedon, who had not seen the strategic importance of the area that became Byzantium.
What was the significance of Byzantium's location?
Byzantium's location was significant due to its strategic position at the entrance of the Black Sea and along the trade routes between Asia and Europe. It controlled the passage from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea, making it an important and wealthy trade and defense center. This strategic importance continued after it was renamed Constantinople and became the capital of the Roman Empire.
Did the Byzantines call their state the Byzantine Empire?
No, the Byzantines did not call their state the Byzantine Empire; they referred to it as the Roman Empire. The term 'Byzantine Empire' is a modern historiographical term used to differentiate the Eastern Roman Empire from its earlier classical period. The citizens of the empire considered themselves Romans and their emperor as the Roman Emperor.
What was the cultural identity of the Byzantine Empire?
The cultural identity of the Byzantine Empire was predominantly Greek, influenced by Hellenistic culture, Orthodox Christianity, and Roman law. While the empire was the continuation of the Roman state, Greek culture, language, and traditions became dominant, especially after the 7th century. The Byzantine Empire was a melting pot of Greco-Roman traditions, Christian religious practices, and Eastern influences.